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SB 595

Various Revenue Laws Changes.

2025-2026 Session Introduced by Dave Craven and 1 co-sponsor

NC SB 595 conforms to federal partnership audit rules, shifting tax consequences to partnerships and aligning refunds and administration for taxpayers, partnerships, and DOR.

Signed by Gov. 7/2/2026
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Bill Summary · SB 595

SB 595 — Various Revenue Laws Changes (North Carolina)

Status: Conference Committee Appointed (as of June–July 2025)
Introduced: 2025 (bill and committee substitutes progressed through spring–summer 2025)

Purpose and intent

SB 595 is a multi-topic revenue code cleanup and policy bill. Its primary aims are to:
- Make technical, clarifying, and administrative changes to state revenue statutes;
- Conform certain state treatments to recent federal partnership audit rules (taxing/crediting at the partnership level where appropriate);
- Improve tax administration and enforcement (including tax foreclosure and special-assessment collections);
- Provide tax parity for short-term car rentals by extending an existing Alternate Highway Use tax to include peer‑to‑peer (P2P) rentals;
- Shift enforcement responsibility for certain vapor-product directory violations to the Alcohol Law Enforcement (ALE) division; and
- Update related rules for employers’ withholding, estates/trusts, S corporations, net operating losses, and credit unions.

Key provisions (high level)

  • Income-tax adjustments and S corporation rules
    • Revises how S‑corporation losses/deductions interact with shareholder adjusted basis (G.S. 105‑153.5 / related cross‑references).
    • Adds clarifying adjustments and allocative rules for estates and trusts’ taxable income (G.S. 105‑160.2).
    • Residency definition language clarified (183‑day tests retained/clarified).
  • Net operating loss (NOL) rules
    • Clarifies state NOL computation and limits; the bill’s NOL provision is applied retroactively to taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2022 (for parts specified).
    • Limits NOL deductions and disallows certain federal preferences (e.g., Code §1202 exclusion, Code §199A deduction) for state NOL calculation.
  • Partnership and audit conformity
    • Conforms to federal partnership audit regime by imposing tax consequences at the partnership level for federal audit adjustments and authorizes state refunds where appropriate (text in bill aligns partnership, refund and administrative procedures with federal audit outcomes).
  • Employer withholding and deposit rules
    • Clarifies filing frequencies and thresholds: monthly filing for employers withholding on average $250–$1,999 per month; higher‑volume employers follow federal deposit schedules (thresholds and timing tied to Code rules).
  • P2P car-rental parity
    • Expands the Alternate Highway Use tax to apply to peer‑to‑peer short‑term vehicle rentals so P2P platforms/lessors are treated similarly to commercial car rental companies.
  • Enforcement, collections, and ALE
    • Moves enforcement of certain vapor‑directory violations to ALE; strengthens tools for tax foreclosure and collection of special assessments.
  • Credit unions and other technical updates
    • Contains statutory updates to credit‑union related provisions and other cleanups across revenue statutes.

Who is affected

  • Individual taxpayers, estates, and trusts (changes to taxable income computations and NOL rules).
  • S‑corporation shareholders (basis and deduction interaction).
  • Partnerships and partners (conformity to federal partnership audit rules; partnership‑level adjustments; refund mechanisms).
  • Employers/payroll administrators (withholding filing and deposit requirements).
  • Peer‑to‑peer car‑rental platforms and short‑term vehicle lessors.
  • Vendors and retailers of vapor products (enforcement changes).
  • Local governments (enhanced collection/foreclosure procedures could affect property tax and special assessment recoveries).
  • Credit unions (statutory updates affecting operations).

Effective dates & notable timeline provisions

  • Several income‑tax adjustments, including S‑corp and estate/trust provisions, are effective for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2025.
  • The state NOL rule changes include a retroactive application to taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2022 (for the subsection explicitly made retroactive).
  • Employer withholding timing provisions tie compliance dates to federal Code rules (so operational timing depends on federal schedules).
  • As of June 11 and June 24, 2025 the bill had adopted committee substitutes in the Senate and House; by late June 2025 a conference committee was appointed to reconcile differences.

Procedural history (selected)

  • Introduced in 2025 and went through Finance/Judiciary/Other committees.
  • Finance Committee Substitute adopted (6/11/25); House committee substitute favorable (6/24/25).
  • Conference committee appointed (late June / early July 2025) to resolve House/Senate differences.
  • Further action (final passage or enactment) depends on conference committee report and subsequent chamber votes.

Potential impacts

  • Revenue & administration: clarifications and conformity to federal partnership rules can change timing of tax payments/refunds and administrative workload for both taxpayers and the Department of Revenue.
  • Compliance burdens: partnerships, employers, and P2P rental platforms may need to adjust tax reporting, collection, and remittance systems.
  • Local governments: stronger collection tools may improve recovery of delinquent taxes and assessments.
  • Taxpayers: NOL and deduction restrictions could increase taxable income for some taxpayers relative to current federal treatment.

If you want, I can:
- Produce a one‑page “quick reference” showing the exact statutory sections amended and the effective dates; or
- Draft a short memo on operational steps employers, partnerships, or P2P platforms should take now to prepare for the changes.

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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