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HB 909

Sewage Sludge Utilization Permits - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances - Concentration Limits

2025 Regular Session Introduced by Dana Stein

Maryland bill restricts PFAS chemicals in sewage sludge used on land to prevent contamination of soil, groundwater, and food crops.

Hearing 2/26 at 1:00 p.m.
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Bill Summary · HB 909

Legislative bill overview

HB 909 establishes concentration limits for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sewage sludge used in land application permits. The bill requires the Maryland Department of the Environment to set specific permissible levels of PFAS compounds before sludge can be applied to agricultural or other lands. This creates a regulatory framework to control contamination from these persistent chemicals.

Why is this important

PFAS are synthetic chemicals resistant to degradation that accumulate in soil and groundwater, potentially contaminating drinking water supplies and crops. Sewage sludge ("biosolids") applied as fertilizer or soil amendment has been identified as a major pathway for PFAS to enter agricultural systems and the food chain. Establishing limits directly addresses a known contamination source affecting food production and environmental health.

Potential points of contention

  • Stringency and feasibility: Regulatory limits set too low could make sludge land application economically unfeasible or force costly alternative disposal methods, while limits set too high may not adequately protect public health
  • Scientific uncertainty: PFAS research is evolving; standards adopted now may require revision as toxicological data improves, creating regulatory instability
  • Wastewater treatment burden: Treatment facilities may face significant upgrade costs to reduce PFAS in sludge, potentially increasing utility rates for consumers

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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