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HF 3407

Sale and possession of ghost guns prohibited, 3D printing of guns limited to federally licensed firearms manufacturers, distribution of 3D printer firearm design files prohibited, firearm serial numbers required, public notice required, and limits on assembling firearms without license provided.

2025-2026 Regular Session Introduced by Kaela Berg and 20 co-sponsors

The bill requires serializing firearms, restricts non-FFL fabrication (max 3 per year), bans ghost gun files, and mandates compliance options (deactivate, remove, or surrender) by

Author added Lee, F.
#firearmsanddangerousweapons #publicsafetydepartment
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WeVote Research Nonpartisan
Bill Summary · HF 3407

Summary of HF 3407 (2025-2026) – Minnesota

HF 3407 proposes strong regulation of ghost guns, controls on 3D-printed firearms, firearm serialization, mandatory public notices, and limits on assembling firearms without a federal firearms license (FFL). The bill would repeal a prior Minnesota statute (609.667) related to serial-number alterations.

1) Purpose and Intent

  • Improve public safety by addressing ghost guns (unserialized or undetectable firearms) and the dissemination of 3D-printed firearm technology.
  • Require serial numbers on firearms and enforce proper serialization and recordkeeping by federally licensed manufacturers, importers, and dealers.
  • Establish procedures for possession and handling of firearms lacking serial numbers.
  • Limit non-FFL individuals from assembling or manufacturing firearms, and regulate the distribution of 3D printing files used to manufacture ghost guns.
  • Provide a state-level framework for public information and enforcement.

2) Key Provisions and Changes

A. Serial Numbers and Ghost Guns (New Chapter 624.7145)

  • Definitions:
    • “Ghost gun”: a firearm or unfinished frame/receiver lacking a unique serial number, undetectable by metal detectors (or easily altered to become undetectable), or manufactured by a non-FFL using a 3D printer or CNC mill.
    • “Unfinished frame or receiver”: article capable of being completed into a functional firearm.
    • “Unique serial number”: as defined by federal/state law and related sections.
    • “Federal firearms licensee” (FFL): licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer under 18 U.S.C. 921(a)(9-11).
  • Penalties:
    • Altering/obliterating serial numbers: up to 5 years imprisonment, up to $10,000 fine.
    • Possessing ghost guns: up to 5 years imprisonment, up to $10,000 fine.
    • Sale, transfer, or distribution of ghost guns: up to 5 years imprisonment, up to $10,000 fine.
  • Prohibition on possession and possession-related prohibitions summarized in Subds. 3–4.

B. Prohibition on Firearms Without Serial Numbers and Compliance Timeline

  • By August 1, 2026, individuals in possession of unserialized firearms/unfinished frames must:
    • Have an FFL imprint a unique serial number (per 624.7147), OR
    • Remove the firearm from Minnesota, OR
    • Render it permanently inoperable, OR
    • Surrender to law enforcement for destruction.
  • Inheritance: those who inherit unserialized firearms must comply within 30 days (or within 60 days for new residents) with similar options.
  • New residents must comply within 60 days of arriving.

C. Serialization Requirements (New Chapter 624.7147)

  • FFLS must assign and apply unique serial numbers to firearms or unfinished frames/receivers owned by Minnesota residents.
  • Serial numbers must follow a specified format: an abbreviated FFL number as prefix, hyphen, then a unique suffix (with compliance to federal imprinting requirements, including depth, permanence, and anti-obliteration).
  • Recordkeeping: FFLS must retain records of imprinting indefinitely and provide access to law enforcement upon request.
  • Data handling: serialization data classified under state data privacy rules (13.87(2)).

D. Assembly, Manufacturing, and 3D Printing Files (New Chapter 624.7146)

  • Definitions for assembly and manufacturing.
  • Limitations on non-FFLs:
    • A non-FFL may not assemble or manufacture more than three firearms in a calendar year.
    • Before assembling a firearm lacking serial/identification marks, must obtain a serial number from an FFL and have it imprinted within 10 days.
    • No authorization to assemble ghost guns.
  • Prohibitions on manufacturing firearms using CNC milling machines or 3D printers by non-FFLs.
  • Firearm design files: It is unlawful to sell, transfer, or distribute CAD files or code that can be used to 3D print a ghost gun to non-FFLs in Minnesota.
  • Penalties: up to 5 years imprisonment or up to $10,000 fine for violations.

E. Data and Public Notice (624.7147)

  • Public notice requirements: By August 1, 2026, the commissioner of public safety must issue public education notices about these serialization provisions, including website postings and statewide dissemination to MN-based FFLs with marking capabilities.

F. Repealer

  • Repeals Minnesota Statutes 2024, § 609.667 (the prior ghost gun/serial-number alteration statute).

3) Who Is Affected

  • Individuals who possess unserialized firearms or unfinished frames/receivers in Minnesota.
  • Firearm owners, especially those who acquire unserialized firearms via inheritance or relocation to Minnesota.
  • Non-FFLs who assemble or manufacture firearms (restricted to three per year).
  • Minnesota-based FFLs (importers, manufacturers, and dealers) who must comply with serialization requirements, maintain records, and imprint serial numbers on firearms.
  • Anyone involved in the sale, transfer, or distribution of 3D printing files or CAD designs for making ghost guns.
  • Law enforcement and the Minnesota Department of Public Safety (education and enforcement roles).

4) Procedural and Timeline Aspects

  • Effective/Enactment Timing: Provisions specify actions by August 1, 2026 (public notice and serialization compliance for unserialized firearms).
  • Transition: New serialization regime (624.7147) and ghost gun prohibitions become enforceable alongside the new section 624.7145.
  • Inheritance and Residency Provisions: Specific timeframes for compliance (30 days after inheritance; 60 days for new residents; 180 days to resolve unserialized possession as of August 1, 2026 for certain options).
  • Enforcement: The bill notes that sections are enforceable under Minnesota Statutes § 8.31 (likely general criminal enforcement framework).

5) Notable Observations

  • The package creates a comprehensive framework to combat ghost guns through serialization, restrictions on fabrication and design file distribution, and strict penalties for violations.
  • It imposes significant recordkeeping and operational requirements on FFLs.
  • It introduces a multi-faceted compliance pathway for unserialized firearms, including removal from state or alteration to operability.
  • It repeals a prior statute addressing serial-number removal/alteration, signaling a shift toward stricter control.

If you’d like, I can provide a side-by-side comparison with current Minnesota law or prepare a plain-language explainer for non-expert audiences.

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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