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Bill

HB 2222

Restraints on juveniles; use in court prohibited, exceptions.

2025 Regular Session Introduced by Bonita Anthony and 14 co-sponsors

Virginia law now prohibits restraining juveniles in court except when they pose documented safety threats, effective July 1, 2025.

Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0454)
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Bill Summary · HB 2222

Legislative bill overview

HB 2222 prohibits the use of physical restraints on juveniles while they are present in court proceedings, with limited exceptions for safety threats. The bill took effect July 1, 2025, and reflects a policy shift toward treating juvenile defendants with less institutional constraint during judicial proceedings.

Why is this important

Courtroom appearance significantly impacts how judges, juries, and the public perceive defendants. Visible restraints on juveniles may prejudice proceedings by suggesting guilt before conviction and can traumatize young people in the legal system. This bill addresses concerns about due process and the developmental differences between juvenile and adult defendants.

Potential points of contention

  • Public safety concerns: Opponents may argue that blanket restraint prohibitions compromise courtroom security, particularly for juveniles charged with violent offenses
  • Exception scope ambiguity: The bill's carve-outs for "safety threats" may be interpreted inconsistently across courts, creating unpredictable application
  • Victim/witness impact: Restraint-free courtrooms may affect victims or witnesses who feel vulnerable when facing unrestrained juvenile defendants, especially in serious cases

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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