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HB 52

Relating to the designation and use of certain spaces and facilities according to sex; authorizing a civil penalty and a private civil right of action.

89th Legislature, 2nd Called Session (2025) Introduced by Daniel Alders and 80 co-sponsors

Texas bill designates public facilities by biological sex, allows private lawsuits for violations, affecting bathroom/locker room access for transgender individuals.

Referred to State Affairs
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Bill Summary · HB 52

Legislative bill overview

HB 52 would establish rules requiring certain public spaces and facilities (bathrooms, locker rooms, shelters) to be designated and used according to biological sex rather than gender identity. The bill authorizes civil penalties and creates a private right of action, allowing individuals to sue for violations.

Why is this important

This bill directly impacts transgender and non-binary individuals' access to public facilities, addressing a contentious issue that affects school policies, workplace environments, and public accommodations. It also creates new legal liability mechanisms for businesses and public institutions, potentially resulting in costly litigation regardless of outcome.

Potential points of contention

  • Constitutional challenges: Courts in multiple states have found similar restrictions violate equal protection and due process rights; this bill will likely face immediate legal challenges with uncertain outcomes
  • Definitional disputes: The bill's reliance on "biological sex" lacks clarity on verification methods, medical records, and treatment of intersex individuals, creating implementation confusion
  • Scope and enforcement: Unclear which facilities qualify ("certain spaces") and who enforces compliance; private right of action could spawn frivolous lawsuits or weaponize access disputes
  • Practical administration: Schools and businesses face conflicting guidance from federal law (Title IX interpretations), state law, and potential legal liability in either direction

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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