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SB 2373

Relating to financial exploitation or financial abuse using artificially generated media or phishing communications; providing a civil penalty; creating a criminal offense.

89th Legislature (2025) Introduced by Giovanni Capriglione and 9 co-sponsors

Texas law creates criminal penalties and civil remedies for financial fraud using deepfakes or phishing, effective September 1, 2025.

Effective on 9/1/25
#artificialintelligence(iq7c5) #civilremedies&liabilities(i0065) #courts--general(i0160) #crimes--againstpersons--general(i0170) #email&electroniccommunications(s0321) #financial--general(i0365) #protectionofpersonalinformation(i0003)
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Bill Summary · SB 2373

Legislative bill overview

SB 2373 creates new criminal offenses and civil penalties in Texas for financial exploitation or abuse perpetrated through artificially generated media (deepfakes) or phishing communications. The bill specifically targets fraudsters who use AI-generated audio, video, or images to deceive victims into transferring money or accessing financial accounts, as well as those using phishing tactics for similar purposes.

Why is this important

As AI technology becomes more accessible, deepfake scams targeting elderly individuals and others are accelerating nationwide, with some resulting in significant financial losses. This legislation directly addresses a gap in existing fraud laws by specifically criminalizing AI-enabled financial deception, giving Texas law enforcement clearer tools to prosecute these emerging threats while also providing victims civil remedies.

Potential points of contention

  • Definition scope: The bill's precise definitions of what constitutes "artificially generated media" and how it applies to borderline cases (edited photos, voice filters) may create enforcement ambiguity
  • First Amendment tension: Broad language around AI-generated content could theoretically capture protected speech if not carefully applied, raising free speech concerns
  • Proving intent and damages: Victims and prosecutors may face challenges proving intent to defraud and quantifying damages in digital fraud cases, particularly regarding civil penalties

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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