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HB 4024

Civil rights: privacy; restriction of student access to certain restrooms and changing areas based on biological sex; provide for. Creates new act.

2025-2026 Regular Session Introduced by Greg Alexander and 21 co-sponsors

HB 4024 requires schools to designate multi-occupancy restrooms and changing areas by students' biological sex as listed on their original birth certificate.

REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
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Bill Summary · HB 4024

HB 4024 — Student Restroom Privacy Act (summary)

Status: Referred to Committee on Government Operations (House); introduced March 2025; passed House (substitute H‑2) in September 2025 and transmitted. Primary sponsor: Rep. Joseph Fox.

Purpose / Intent

HB 4024 would create the “Student Restroom Privacy Act” to require educational institutions to designate multiple‑occupancy restrooms and changing areas for use by students based on the student’s biological sex as stated on their original birth certificate. Sponsor testimony frames the bill as protecting student privacy and safety in restrooms, locker rooms, changing rooms, and similar spaces.

Key definitions

  • Educational institution: Broadly defined to include public schools, school districts, colleges, universities, public school academies, extension courses, vocational or technical schools, any institution receiving state funds, and agents of such institutions.
  • Multiple‑occupancy restroom or changing area: Any area designed for use by more than one student at a time where students may be in various stages of undress (e.g., restrooms, locker rooms, changing rooms, shower rooms).
  • Sex (or biological sex in some introduced versions): The biological indication of male or female as listed on an individual’s original birth certificate issued at or near birth.

Main requirement

  • Educational institutions must require that every multiple‑occupancy restroom or changing area be used by individuals based on their biological sex as defined above.

Exemptions / permitted entries

The sex‑based requirement does not apply when an individual of the opposite sex enters a multiple‑occupancy area under specific circumstances, including:
- Custodial or maintenance/inspection purposes (when only the staff performing the task is present).
- Rendering medical assistance.
- Accompanying a student who needs assistance (if the accompanier is an employee or the student’s parent/guardian/authorized caregiver and the area is cleared of other students).
- A minor accompanying their parent/guardian into the parent’s/guardian’s sex‑designated area.
- When the space has been temporarily designated for use by the individual’s sex.
- The bill does permit institutions to keep single‑occupancy restrooms/changing areas available for use by any sex.

Who would be affected

  • Public educational institutions and entities that receive state funds (K–12, community colleges, universities, vocational schools, PSAs, ISDs).
  • Students (including transgender and gender‑diverse students), parents, school employees, and visitors to school facilities.
  • School administrators and facilities staff (implementation/administration responsibilities).

Fiscal impact

  • No direct state fiscal impact reported.
  • Possible administrative costs to school districts, PSAs, ISDs, community colleges, and universities to bring facilities and policies into compliance; HFA expects such costs would likely be absorbed using existing staff time.

Policy considerations & positions

  • Supporters: Argue the bill provides a consistent privacy standard and protects student safety.
  • Opponents: Raise concerns about equal access, potential conflict with the Elliott‑Larsen Civil Rights Act, enforcement practicality, privacy of students during compliance checks, and that the bill prescribes no administrative penalties (leaving enforcement mainly to private legal action).
  • Committee record notes testimony both for and against; several organizations testified in support and organizations such as the ACLU and Michigan League for Public Policy registered opposition.

Procedural notes / timeline highlights

  • Introduced (House) Jan–Mar 2025; referred to Education & Workforce Committee.
  • Reported with substitute (H‑1) Aug 27, 2025; substitute (H‑2) adopted Sept 4, 2025.
  • Passed House (immediate effect) Sept 4, 2025 (roll call reported); transmitted and then referred to Committee on Government Operations (Sept 9, 2025) for further consideration.

Note: Some publicly available document extracts include unrelated text for an Illinois appropriation bill also numbered HB 4024; the summary above reflects the Michigan Student Restroom Privacy Act materials as prepared by the House Fiscal Agency and the versions reported from committee.

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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