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HR 198

A resolution to declare October 28, 2025, as Oxi Day in the state of Michigan.

2025-2026 Regular Session Introduced by Joseph Fox and 4 co-sponsors

Declares October 28, 2025 as Oxi Day in Michigan to ceremonially honor Greek resistance in World War II and celebrate Greek-American heritage.

adopted
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WeVote Research Nonpartisan
Bill Summary · HR 198

Summary — House Resolution 198 (Michigan): Declare October 28, 2025, as Oxi Day

Purpose / Intent

House Resolution No. 198 declares October 28, 2025, as “Oxi Day” in the state of Michigan. The resolution recognizes and commemorates the October 28, 1940, Greek refusal (“Oxi!” or “No!”) to an Italian ultimatum, honors the courage of Greek resistance to Axis aggression during World War II, and acknowledges the cultural contributions of Greek-Americans in Michigan.

Key provisions

  • Formally declares October 28, 2025, as Oxi Day in Michigan.
  • Recites historical findings and framers’ statements about the significance of the October 28, 1940 events: Metaxas’ reply “Oxi,” Greek military resistance to Italy, subsequent Allied/Greek victories, and the broader wartime impact (including references to Churchill and FDR).
  • Recognizes ongoing cultural observances of Oxi Day since 1942 and the role of Greek-American organizations in preserving the history and traditions tied to the day.
  • The resolution is ceremonial and declaratory in nature; it contains no appropriation, regulatory changes, or mandatory actions for state agencies.

Who is affected

  • Primarily symbolic: Greek-American communities and cultural organizations in Michigan (recognition and support for community commemorations and educational activities).
  • State government: may use the designation for ceremonial observances, proclamations, or educational events but faces no new statutory obligations.
  • General public: raises public awareness of the historical event and its significance.

Procedural history & timeline

  • Introduced: January 3, 2025 (House).
  • Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary (01/03/2025).
  • Rules suspended and adopted in the House (02/12/2025).
  • Reported enrolled, read by title, and further procedural entries show enrollment and signature by the Speaker (May 20–21, 2025), with presentation to the Secretary of State on May 23, 2025.
  • The resolution was again recorded as introduced and adopted on October 28, 2025 (date of the observance).
  • Classified as a resolution (ceremonial/nonbinding).

Sponsors and related measures

  • Offered by: Representatives Phil Skaggs, with Reps. Fox, Outman, Paiz, and Rogers noted on the adopted version.
  • A companion or related measure is listed as HCR 206.

Impact and limitations

  • Symbolic recognition only — does not create legal obligations, funding, or changes to state law.
  • Provides official state acknowledgement that may support local commemorations, school observances, and cultural programming honoring Greek-American heritage and World War II history.

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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