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SB 655

Relating to ballot security.

2025 Regular Session Introduced by Diane Linthicum and 1 co-sponsor

Extends to the Catawba Nation key rights and rules: enforce tribal judgments in state courts, define cooperation with counties, and apply municipal-style tribal law enforcement wit

In committee upon adjournment.
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Bill Summary · SB 655

SB 655 — “Extend Certain Rights to Catawba Nation” (North Carolina) — Summary

Status: Ratified and Chaptered (SL 2025‑57). Presented to Governor 6/30/2025; Signed by Governor 7/3/2025.
Introduced: Filed March 25–26, 2025. Sponsors: Senators Alexander, Overcash, Britt (primary).

Main purpose

The bill extends to the Catawba Indian Nation many of the statutory rights and recognitions already accorded to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians under Chapter 1E of the General Statutes. It harmonizes treatment in three main areas: full faith and credit for tribal court judgments, interaction with county services, and application of municipal-style tribal law enforcement provisions.

Key provisions (by topic and statute references)

  • Chapter 1E (revised and expanded to include “Indians and Catawba Indian Nation”):
    • Section 1E‑1 (Full faith and credit)
    • State courts must give full faith and credit to judgments, decrees, or orders signed by judicial officers of either the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians or the Catawba Indian Nation and filed in the respective tribal courts.
    • Such tribal judgments are treated as foreign judgments for purposes of G.S. 1C‑1705 and G.S. 1C‑1708.
    • Limited driving privileges issued by a Cherokee or Catawba tribal judge/justice (and filed in the tribal clerk’s office) are valid and given full faith and credit under Chapter 20 provisions.
    • Section 1E‑2 (County services)
    • Counties are not compelled to provide services on tribal trust lands except for public health or human services traditionally provided by county agencies and not assumed by the tribe — unless there is a negotiated agreement.
    • Agreements between counties and the Catawba Indian Nation are explicitly valid under State law.
  • Article 2 — Tribal law enforcement (new/updated sections 1E‑10 through 1E‑12):
    • Makes most of Article 13 of Chapter 160A (municipal law enforcement provisions) applicable to both the Eastern Band and the Catawba Nation, with specified sections excluded (G.S. 160A‑283, ‑286, ‑287, ‑289.1).
    • Defines terms (e.g., “city,” “council,” “city clerk,” “corporate limits,” “law enforcement agency”) to include the tribes and their relevant tribal agencies.
    • Law enforcement officers (tribal chiefs, police, marshals, ALLE agents, natural resources officers) must meet standards in Article 1 of Chapter 17C (state officer standards) before exercising authority under Chapter 160A; state courts may enjoin tribal agencies/officers who fail to meet those standards.
    • Jurisdiction for tribal law enforcement: on property owned or leased by the tribe within trust lands and during immediate/continuous flight of an offender under G.S. 15A‑402(d). Neither tribe’s officers have jurisdiction on the other tribe’s lands absent a separate agreement.
    • Service as a tribal law enforcement officer counts as “criminal justice officer” service under state law.

Who is affected

  • Catawba Indian Nation: expanded statutory recognition of tribal court judgments and clarified law enforcement and county-service relationships.
  • Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians: parity retained and clarified.
  • State and local governments (courts, counties, sheriff/police offices): new obligations to recognize tribal court orders and to interface with tribal law enforcement under defined terms and standards.
  • Residents and litigants on/near tribal trust lands: changes to enforcement, recognition of tribal court orders (including limited driving privileges), and cooperative arrangements.

Procedural/timing notes

  • The act amends and reorders Chapter 1E; specific new/renumbered sections include 1E‑1, 1E‑2, 1E‑10 through 1E‑12.
  • Became law upon chaptering (Session Law 2025‑57). No delayed effective date is specified in the text excerpts provided.

Potential impacts and considerations

  • Legal reciprocity: tribal court determinations for covered matters will be more readily enforceable in State courts (subject to existing foreign‑judgment statutes).
  • Law enforcement coordination: tribal officers gain clearer authority on trust lands but must meet state certification/standards; this could increase interagency cooperation but may require administrative steps (training, standards compliance).
  • County service agreements: affirms that service provision to tribal trust lands is contractually determined, preserving tribal autonomy while allowing negotiated collaboration.
  • No direct fiscal numbers are attached in this bill summary; implementation may involve administrative coordination and possible compliance costs for tribal or county agencies to meet state standards.

This summary highlights the statute-level changes and practical effects of SB 655—extending to the Catawba Indian Nation several statutory recognitions and operational frameworks previously applicable only to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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