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Bill

SP 900

Joint Order, Propounding A Question To The Supreme Judicial Court Regarding The Use Of Ranked-Choice Voting In Elections Requiring A Plurality Of Votes

132nd Legislature (2025-2026) Introduced by Cameron Reny

Maine legislature asks Supreme Judicial Court whether ranked-choice voting can legally be used in elections requiring a plurality rather than majority of votes.

In concurrence. ORDERED SENT FORTHWITH.
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Bill Summary · SP 900

Legislative bill overview

This joint order directs Maine's Supreme Judicial Court to issue an advisory opinion on whether ranked-choice voting (RCV) can be used in elections that require a plurality of votes to win. The bill essentially asks the state's highest court to clarify the legal and constitutional implications of applying RCV methodology to plurality-based elections, rather than the majority-based elections where it's currently used.

Why is this important

Maine is one of the few U.S. states using ranked-choice voting for statewide elections, but the current system applies only to races requiring a majority vote. This advisory opinion could determine whether RCV expands to other electoral contexts, potentially affecting how candidates are elected across more offices and races. The ruling would also set important precedent for other states considering similar voting reforms.

Potential points of contention

  • Constitutional interpretation disagreement: Courts and legislators may differ on whether the state constitution permits RCV in plurality elections, and how voting method changes interact with existing constitutional language
  • Practical implementation complexity: RCV in plurality elections operates differently mathematically than in majority elections, raising questions about whether it would function as intended or create unintended consequences
  • Political polarization: Voting method reform is increasingly partisan, with supporters viewing RCV as enhancing representation and opponents concerned it disadvantages certain candidates or voting blocs

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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