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Bill Summary · HB 478

Legislative bill overview

HB 478 would revise Montana's legal framework governing volunteer church security teams, likely addressing liability protections, training standards, and operational guidelines for churches that employ armed or unarmed security volunteers. The bill died in the legislative process in May 2025 after missing earlier transmittal deadlines.

Why is this important

Church security has become an increasingly discussed topic following incidents of violence at religious institutions nationwide. This legislation would establish state-level standards that could affect how churches organize safety measures while potentially protecting volunteers and institutions from legal liability.

Potential points of contention

  • Liability and immunity scope – Determining what level of immunity volunteer security teams receive if incidents occur, and whether this adequately protects both volunteers and the church or creates accountability gaps
  • Training and certification requirements – Balancing accessibility for churches (avoiding burdensome requirements) against public safety concerns regarding volunteer competency
  • Armed vs. unarmed designation – Whether the bill addresses gun carry authority for volunteers and what regulations would apply, given Second Amendment and self-defense considerations in Montana

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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