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S 2904

SHADOW Fleet Sanctions Act of 2026

119th Congress Introduced by Michael Bennet and 15 co-sponsors

The SHADOW Fleet Sanctions Act of 2025 imposes sanctions on entities aiding Russia's shadow fleet, targeting illicit shipping and energy projects to counter Russian aggression.

Committee on Foreign Relations. Reported by Senator Risch with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
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Bill Summary · S 2904

Summary of the SHADOW Fleet Sanctions Act of 2025 (S 2904)

Bill Information:
- Bill Number: S 2904
- Title: SHADOW Fleet Sanctions Act of 2025
- Status: Introduced in Senate
- Introduced: September 18, 2025
- Classification: Bill

Purpose and Intent

The SHADOW Fleet Sanctions Act of 2025 aims to impose comprehensive sanctions on entities and individuals involved in supporting the Russian shadow fleet, which is suspected of facilitating illicit shipping activities related to Russian oil and energy products. The bill seeks to enhance the United States' ability to counteract Russian aggression and uphold international sanctions.

Key Provisions

Title I: Sanctions with Respect to the Russian Federation

  • Definitions (Sec. 101): Establishes key terms related to the sanctions.

Subtitle A: Sanctions on the Russian Shadow Fleet

  • Imposition of Sanctions (Sec. 111-113):
    • Sanctions on vessels suspected of participating in or supporting the Russian shadow fleet.
    • Sanctions on foreign persons aiding Russian illicit shipping.
    • Sanctions on port terminals that accept oil from these vessels.

Subtitle B: Sanctions on Russian-Origin Energy Products

  • Imposition of Sanctions (Sec. 161): Targets individuals with interests in Russian energy projects.
  • Modifications (Sec. 162): Updates the Protecting Europe’s Energy Security Act of 2019.
  • Countering Evasion (Sec. 164): Develops strategies to counter the role of China in evading sanctions.

Subtitle C: Sanctions on the Russian Defense Industrial Base

  • Imposition of Sanctions (Sec. 171): Targets those selling or providing services related to Russia's defense sector.

Subtitle D: General Provisions

  • Sanctions Description (Sec. 181): Outlines the nature of the sanctions.
  • Exceptions and Waivers (Sec. 182): Specifies conditions under which sanctions may be waived.
  • Implementation (Sec. 183): Details the execution of the sanctions.

Title II: Other Matters

  • Military Actions (Sec. 201): Addresses Russian military actions supporting the shadow fleet.
  • Resources for Implementation (Sec. 202): Allocates resources for the Department of State to enforce sanctions.
  • Emergency Appropriations (Sec. 204): Provides funding for the Countering Russian Influence Fund.
  • Support for Ukraine (Sec. 206): Facilitates arms sales to Ukraine.

Impact

The SHADOW Fleet Sanctions Act is designed to:
- Target Entities: Affect foreign vessels, companies, and individuals involved in supporting the Russian shadow fleet and energy projects.
- Strengthen Compliance: Align U.S. sanctions with those of the European Union and the United Kingdom.
- Enhance Reporting: Create a database of vessels involved in illicit activities and require reports on sanctions implementation and oil price caps.

Legislative Actions

  • September 18, 2025: The bill was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.

Sponsors

The bill is sponsored by a bipartisan group of senators, including:
- Primary Sponsor: James E. Risch
- Cosponsors: Lindsey Graham, Ruben Gallego, Timothy M. Kaine, Richard Blumenthal, Jeanne Shaheen, Christopher A. Coons, John Curtis, Roger F. Wicker, Tom Cotton, Tammy Duckworth, John Cornyn, Pete Ricketts, and Sheldon Whitehouse.

This summary provides an overview of the SHADOW Fleet Sanctions Act of 2025, highlighting its purpose, key provisions, and potential impacts on international relations and sanctions enforcement.

Compiled from official sources — confirm details with the bill’s official record.

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